CTX-M extended-spectrum ß-lactamase-producing Klebsiella spp, Salmonella spp, Shigella spp and Escherichia coli isolates in Iranian hospitals

Abstract This study was conducted in Iran in order to assess the distribution of CTX-M type ESBLs producing Enterobacteriaceae. From January 2012 to December 2013, totally 198 E. coli, 139 Klebsiella spp, 54 Salmonella spp and 52 Shigella spp from seven hospitals of six provinces in Iran were screened for resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins. After identification and susceptibility testing, isolates presenting multiple-drug resistance (MDR) were evaluated for ESBL production by the disk combination method and by Etest using (cefotaxime and cefotaxime plus clavulanic acid). All isolates were also screened for bla CTX-M using conventional PCR. A total of 42.92%, 33.81%, 14.81% and 7.69% of the E. coli, Klebsiella spp, Salmonella spp and Shigella spp isolates were MDR, respectively. The presence of CTX-M enzyme among ESBL-producing isolates was 85.18%, 77.7%, 50%, and 66.7%, in E. coli, Klebsiella spp, Salmonella spp and Shigella spp respectively. The overall presence of CTX-M genes in Enterobacteriaceae was 15.4% and among the resistant isolates was 47.6%. This study indicated that resistance to β-lactams mediated by CTX-M enzymes in Iran had similar pattern as in other parts of the world. In order to control the spread of resistance, comprehensive studies and programs are needed.

Analysis of human B cell response to recombinantLeishmaniaLPG3

Objective:To evaluate the capability of recombinant Leishmania LPG3 and its fragments in the activation of B cells.Methods:In the present study, human B cells were purified from peripheral blood of 10 adult healthy subjects using magnetic-activated cell sorting technique. Subsequently, purified B cells were treated with recombinant LPG3, and itsN-terminal and C-terminal fragments at different concentrations (2, 10 and 20 μg/mL). B cell activation was assessed through expression of CD69 molecule by flowcytometry and secretion of IL-6, TNF-αα and IL-10 cytokines via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay following treatment with recombinant antigens.Results:Our results showed that while the recombinant LPG-3 could significantly increase the production of IL-6 and TNF-α (P<0.05) in B cells, it had no effect on the secretion of IL-10 by B cells.Conclusions: Our study indicated that recombinant LPG-3 and especially itsN-terminal fragment could stimulate B cell response as an important immune response component against leishmaniasis. Thus, it seems that it can be considered as an effective adjuvant in vaccine developments against leishmaniasis.

The effect of 8 weeks endurance training and Wild Pistachio supplementation on liver micronutrients in rats.

Availability of some minerals in the body is pivotal for human’s health. Micronutrients play a supportive role in physiologic performance and physical activities. Authors have shown that exercise may cause the loss of such minerals via a few mechanisms. Therefore, the present paper aimed at determination of the effect of endurance training and wild pistachio supplementation on liver micronutrients in female rats. 28 rats (6-8 years old and 122- 180 gr) were randomly divided into four groups, namely Saline-control (SC), Baneh-control (BC), Saline-training (ST), and Baneh-training (BT). Training groups exercised for 8 weeks (5 days a week, 60 min, 25 m/min on treadmill with 0° slope). The rats were orally fed by saline and pistachio extracts for 4 weeks. Tissue biopsy was performed 72 h following the final training session and after 4 h fasting. Statistical analyses were performed by one-way ANOVA at p≤0.05. A significant difference was detected in amounts of zinc, copper, and calcium between BT group and others (p=0.00). The results obtained from the present study showed that combination of training and pistachio supplementation may improve micronutrients rate after 8 weeks endurance training compared with non-supplemented group.

Efficiency analysis of selected urban health centers affiliated in Isfahan University of medical sciences

Background: Performance assessment is necessary to ensure the best and most quality health services. On the other hand Efficiency Assessment is the first step to the Performance Assessment. The urban health centers are the first units that provide services to the urban population; however, providing services is not completely active in the cities. This study attempts to create ii point of view in efficiency of each unit, and providing suitable solutions to maximum use of available resources as well. Materials and Methods: This research is a descriptive analytical study. Urban health centers affiliated to Isfahan health districts [centre no. 2] make up the study population. Input variables included number of human resources by education level, the number of available units. The output variables included type of services based on unit characteristics in the year 2ODK. Data collected through designed forms by research them. The data envelopment analysis method applied with assuming the input oriented for date analyzing. Results: Based or results the average of technical efficiency, managerial efficiency and scale efficiency in all urbann health centres were 87%, 91%and 95% respectively. Meanwhile, findings showed that 60 Urban health centers had up-scale in optimized and the rest were not in optimal scale. Conclusion: Applying suitable techniques to managers make they informed from usage resources in their subsidiary units. It could be also help them to present necessary corrective recommendations based on scientific research and to promote of units by using appropriate techniques in efficiency analysis. The results also indicates that implication of persuasive policies for managers who have higher managerial efficiency, and also have appropriate planning to improve lower efficiency urban health centers in comparision other units could be efficient in promoting efficiency in general